commit 3d891d781c82d44fba0d83a3117643e7abe18eea
Author: Weng JinPeng <weng_jin_peng@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu Apr 30 12:10:00 2026 +0800

    feat: initialize news service with core functionality
    
    - Add package.json for project configuration and dependencies.
    - Implement NewsApplication class to manage service lifecycle and HTTP pipeline.
    - Create CategoryCatalog for managing news categories.
    - Introduce ServiceConfig for environment variable management.
    - Load environment variables from .env files.
    - Develop NewsApiCompatibilityController to mimic NewsAPI endpoints.
    - Create NewsController for querying and refreshing news data.
    - Establish AbstractJsonRepository for JSON storage operations.
    - Implement main entry point in index.js to bootstrap the application.
    - Create CategoryNewsRepository for category-specific news storage.
    - Add ConsoleLogger for structured logging.
    - Implement NewsApiClient for fetching articles from NewsAPI.
    - Develop NewsRefreshScheduler for scheduling news refresh tasks.
    - Create NewsStorageService to coordinate news data management.

diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7df1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+node_modules
+npm-debug.log
+.env
+data/*.json
+!data/.gitkeep
+.git
+.DS_Store
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef1f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PORT=3100
+NEWS_API_KEY=03f614876f0645948cb9bbce1661f4b2
+NEWS_API_BASE_URL=https://newsapi.org/v2/everything
+NEWS_API_LANGUAGE=ko
+NEWS_PAGE_SIZE=20
+NEWS_REFRESH_CRON=0 * * * *
+DATA_DIR=./data
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77b755c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+node_modules/
+.env
+data/*.json
+!data/.gitkeep
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2750628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+FROM node:20-alpine
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY package.json package-lock.json* ./
+RUN npm install --omit=dev
+
+COPY . ./
+
+RUN mkdir -p /app/data
+
+EXPOSE 3100
+
+CMD ["npm", "start"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70d5f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# News Service
+
+独立新闻微服务，负责周期性从 NewsAPI 拉取新闻并落盘为 JSON 文件，再通过 HTTP 接口提供给前端。
+
+## 功能
+
+- 每小时自动刷新一次新闻数据
+- 启动时自动预热数据
+- 使用 JSON 文件作为存储，每个分类一个文件
+- 提供按分类查询、全部分类查询、手动刷新接口
+- 支持 Docker 和 Docker Compose 部署
+
+## 分类
+
+- finance
+- business
+- technology
+- market
+
+## 目录
+
+```text
+news_service/
+  data/
+    finance.json
+    business.json
+    technology.json
+    market.json
+  src/
+    app/
+    config/
+    controllers/
+    core/
+    repositories/
+    services/
+```
+
+## 本地启动
+
+1. 配置环境变量
+
+```bash
+# 可直接修改 .env.example，服务会自动读取
+# 或者复制一份 .env 覆盖默认配置
+cp .env.example .env
+```
+
+2. 安装依赖
+
+```bash
+npm install
+```
+
+3. 启动服务
+
+```bash
+npm start
+```
+
+默认地址：`http://localhost:3100`
+
+## 接口
+
+### 健康检查
+
+```http
+GET /health
+```
+
+### 获取分类列表
+
+```http
+GET /api/news/categories
+```
+
+### 获取指定分类新闻
+
+```http
+GET /api/news?category=finance&limit=10
+GET /api/news/finance?limit=10
+```
+
+### 兼容前端现有 NewsAPI 调用
+
+```http
+GET /v2/everything?q=finance&language=ko&pageSize=10&page=1
+GET /v2/top-headlines?category=business&country=ko&pageSize=10
+```
+
+返回结构与前端当前使用的 NewsAPI 结构保持一致：
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "ok",
+  "totalResults": 10,
+  "articles": []
+}
+```
+
+### 获取全部分类新闻
+
+```http
+GET /api/news/all?limit=10
+```
+
+### 手动刷新
+
+```http
+POST /api/news/refresh
+POST /api/news/refresh?category=finance
+```
+
+## Docker
+
+```bash
+docker compose up -d --build
+```
+
+如果前端和新闻服务需要一起对外提供访问，建议在项目根目录使用组合编排：
+
+```bash
+cd /Users/wjp/Projects/juYou
+docker compose -f docker-compose.news-stack.yml up -d --build
+```
+
+这样前端容器中的 Nginx 会把同源路径 `/newsapi/*` 代理到容器网络中的 `news-service:3100`，浏览器不会直接访问 NewsAPI，因此不会触发跨域限制。
+
+## 前端接入建议
+
+前端如果继续使用原来的 `/newsapi/v2/*` 请求方式，只需要把代理目标指向本服务即可，不需要修改新闻请求代码。
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7bafb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+version: '3.9'
+
+services:
+  news-service:
+    build: .
+    container_name: news-service
+    env_file:
+      - .env.example
+    ports:
+      - "3100:3100"
+    environment:
+      PORT: 3100
+      NEWS_API_KEY: ${NEWS_API_KEY}
+      NEWS_API_BASE_URL: ${NEWS_API_BASE_URL:-https://newsapi.org/v2/everything}
+      NEWS_API_LANGUAGE: ${NEWS_API_LANGUAGE:-en}
+      NEWS_PAGE_SIZE: ${NEWS_PAGE_SIZE:-20}
+      NEWS_REFRESH_CRON: ${NEWS_REFRESH_CRON:-0 * * * *}
+      DATA_DIR: ${DATA_DIR:-/app/data}
+    volumes:
+      - ./data:/app/data
+    restart: unless-stopped
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3ba815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+{
+  "name": "news-service",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "news-service",
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+        "object-inspect": "^1.13.3",
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+        "node": ">= 0.4"
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+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
+      }
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+      "license": "MIT",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/vary": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vary/-/vary-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BNGbWLfd0eUPabhkXUVm0j8uuvREyTh5ovRa/dyow/BqAbZJyC+5fU+IzQOzmAKzYqYRAISoRhdQr3eIZ/PXqg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e78fd47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "name": "news-service",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Standalone news microservice with scheduled sync and JSON storage",
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "main": "src/index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "node src/index.js",
+    "dev": "node --watch src/index.js"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20.0.0"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "express": "^4.21.2",
+    "node-cron": "^4.2.1"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/app/NewsApplication.js b/src/app/NewsApplication.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d27dd20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/NewsApplication.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+const express = require('express')
+const { CategoryNewsRepository } = require('../repositories/CategoryNewsRepository')
+const { NewsApiClient } = require('../services/NewsApiClient')
+const { NewsStorageService } = require('../services/NewsStorageService')
+const { NewsRefreshScheduler } = require('../services/NewsRefreshScheduler')
+const { NewsController } = require('../controllers/NewsController')
+const { NewsApiCompatibilityController } = require('../controllers/NewsApiCompatibilityController')
+const { NewsCategoryCatalog } = require('../config/CategoryCatalog')
+const { ConsoleLogger } = require('../services/ConsoleLogger')
+
+/**
+ * NewsApplication
+ *
+ * Composes the service graph, configures Express, and manages lifecycle.
+ */
+class NewsApplication {
+  constructor(runtimeConfig) {
+    this._runtimeConfig = runtimeConfig
+    this._logger = new ConsoleLogger()
+    this._categoryCatalog = new NewsCategoryCatalog()
+    this._repository = new CategoryNewsRepository(runtimeConfig.dataDirectory)
+    this._apiClient = new NewsApiClient(
+      runtimeConfig.apiBaseUrl,
+      runtimeConfig.apiKey,
+      runtimeConfig.language,
+      runtimeConfig.pageSize
+    )
+    this._storageService = new NewsStorageService(this._categoryCatalog, this._repository, this._apiClient)
+    this._scheduler = new NewsRefreshScheduler(this._storageService, runtimeConfig.refreshCron, this._logger)
+    this._express = express()
+    this._server = null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async start() {
+    this._configureHttpPipeline()
+    await this._scheduler.start()
+    await new Promise((resolve) => {
+      this._server = this._express.listen(this._runtimeConfig.port, () => {
+        this._logger.info('News service started', { port: this._runtimeConfig.port })
+        resolve()
+      })
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async stop() {
+    this._scheduler.stop()
+    if (!this._server) {
+      return
+    }
+    await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      this._server.close((error) => {
+        if (error) {
+          reject(error)
+          return
+        }
+        resolve()
+      })
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _configureHttpPipeline() {
+    this._express.use(express.json())
+
+    this._express.get('/health', (_request, response) => {
+      response.json({
+        status: 'ok',
+        service: 'news-service',
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+      })
+    })
+
+    const newsController = new NewsController(this._storageService)
+    const newsApiCompatibilityController = new NewsApiCompatibilityController(this._storageService)
+    this._express.use('/api/news', newsController.router)
+    this._express.use('/v2', newsApiCompatibilityController.router)
+
+    this._express.use((error, _request, response, _next) => {
+      this._logger.error('Request processing failed', error)
+      response.status(500).json({
+        status: 'error',
+        message: error.message || 'Internal server error'
+      })
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsApplication
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/config/CategoryCatalog.js b/src/config/CategoryCatalog.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2854306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/CategoryCatalog.js
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * NewsCategory
+ *
+ * Immutable category model used across the application.
+ */
+class NewsCategory {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string} query
+   * @param {string} fileName
+   * @param {string} label
+   */
+  constructor(key, query, fileName, label) {
+    this.key = key
+    this.query = query
+    this.fileName = fileName
+    this.label = label
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * NewsCategoryCatalog
+ *
+ * Encapsulates all supported news categories and lookup behavior.
+ */
+class NewsCategoryCatalog {
+  constructor() {
+    this._categories = [
+      new NewsCategory('finance', 'finance', 'finance.json', 'Finance'),
+      new NewsCategory('business', 'business', 'business.json', 'Business'),
+      new NewsCategory('technology', 'technology', 'technology.json', 'Technology'),
+      new NewsCategory('market', 'market', 'market.json', 'Market')
+    ]
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {NewsCategory[]}
+   */
+  all() {
+    return [...this._categories]
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {NewsCategory | null}
+   */
+  getByKey(key) {
+    return this._categories.find((item) => item.key === key) || null
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsCategory,
+  NewsCategoryCatalog
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/config/ServiceConfig.js b/src/config/ServiceConfig.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7848bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/ServiceConfig.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+const path = require('path')
+
+/**
+ * ServiceConfig
+ *
+ * Centralizes environment parsing and default values.
+ */
+class ServiceConfig {
+  constructor(env = process.env) {
+    this._env = env
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {{port: number, apiKey: string, apiBaseUrl: string, language: string, pageSize: number, refreshCron: string, dataDirectory: string}}
+   */
+  toRuntimeConfig() {
+    return {
+      port: Number(this._env.PORT || 3100),
+      apiKey: this._env.NEWS_API_KEY || '',
+      apiBaseUrl: this._env.NEWS_API_BASE_URL || 'https://newsapi.org/v2/everything',
+      language: this._env.NEWS_API_LANGUAGE || 'en',
+      pageSize: Number(this._env.NEWS_PAGE_SIZE || 20),
+      refreshCron: this._env.NEWS_REFRESH_CRON || '0 * * * *',
+      dataDirectory: path.resolve(process.cwd(), this._env.DATA_DIR || './data')
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ServiceConfig
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/config/loadEnvironmentFiles.js b/src/config/loadEnvironmentFiles.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efe1187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/loadEnvironmentFiles.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+const fs = require('fs')
+const path = require('path')
+
+/**
+ * Loads environment variables from local files without requiring extra dependencies.
+ * Priority: .env, then .env.example for any keys that are still unset.
+ *
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function loadEnvironmentFiles() {
+  const candidateFiles = ['.env', '.env.example']
+
+  for (const fileName of candidateFiles) {
+    const filePath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), fileName)
+    if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const lines = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8').split(/\r?\n/)
+    for (const rawLine of lines) {
+      const line = rawLine.trim()
+      if (!line || line.startsWith('#')) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const separatorIndex = line.indexOf('=')
+      if (separatorIndex === -1) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const key = line.slice(0, separatorIndex).trim()
+      const value = line.slice(separatorIndex + 1).trim().replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, '')
+      if (!(key in process.env)) {
+        process.env[key] = value
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  loadEnvironmentFiles
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/controllers/NewsApiCompatibilityController.js b/src/controllers/NewsApiCompatibilityController.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b8dacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/controllers/NewsApiCompatibilityController.js
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+const express = require('express')
+
+/**
+ * NewsApiCompatibilityController
+ *
+ * Mimics the subset of NewsAPI endpoints currently consumed by the front-end.
+ */
+class NewsApiCompatibilityController {
+  constructor(storageService) {
+    this._storageService = storageService
+    this.router = express.Router()
+    this._registerRoutes()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _registerRoutes() {
+    this.router.get('/everything', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const categoryKey = this._normalizeCategoryKey(request.query.q)
+      const page = this._parsePositiveInteger(request.query.page, 1)
+      const pageSize = this._parsePositiveInteger(request.query.pageSize, 10)
+      const document = await this._storageService.getCategoryNewsPage(categoryKey, page, pageSize)
+
+      response.json({
+        status: 'ok',
+        totalResults: document.total,
+        articles: document.articles
+      })
+    }))
+
+    this.router.get('/top-headlines', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const categoryKey = this._normalizeCategoryKey(request.query.category || 'business')
+      const page = this._parsePositiveInteger(request.query.page, 1)
+      const pageSize = this._parsePositiveInteger(request.query.pageSize, 10)
+      const document = await this._storageService.getCategoryNewsPage(categoryKey, page, pageSize)
+
+      response.json({
+        status: 'ok',
+        totalResults: document.total,
+        articles: document.articles
+      })
+    }))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {unknown} value
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  _normalizeCategoryKey(value) {
+    const categoryKey = String(value || 'finance').trim().toLowerCase()
+    return categoryKey
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {unknown} value
+   * @param {number} fallback
+   * @returns {number}
+   */
+  _parsePositiveInteger(value, fallback) {
+    const parsed = Number(value)
+    return Number.isInteger(parsed) && parsed > 0 ? parsed : fallback
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {(request: import('express').Request, response: import('express').Response) => Promise<void>} handler
+   * @returns {(request: import('express').Request, response: import('express').Response, next: import('express').NextFunction) => void}
+   */
+  _wrap(handler) {
+    return (request, response, next) => {
+      handler(request, response).catch(next)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsApiCompatibilityController
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/controllers/NewsController.js b/src/controllers/NewsController.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..175b086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/controllers/NewsController.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+const express = require('express')
+
+/**
+ * NewsController
+ *
+ * Exposes HTTP routes for querying and refreshing cached news data.
+ */
+class NewsController {
+  constructor(storageService) {
+    this._storageService = storageService
+    this.router = express.Router()
+    this._registerRoutes()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _registerRoutes() {
+    this.router.get('/categories', this._wrap(async (_request, response) => {
+      response.json({ data: this._storageService.getCategories() })
+    }))
+
+    this.router.get('/all', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const limit = this._parseLimit(request.query.limit)
+      const data = await this._storageService.getAllNews(limit)
+      response.json({ data })
+    }))
+
+    this.router.get('/', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const category = request.query.category
+      if (!category) {
+        response.status(400).json({ message: 'category query parameter is required' })
+        return
+      }
+      const limit = this._parseLimit(request.query.limit)
+      const data = await this._storageService.getCategoryNews(String(category), limit)
+      response.json({ data })
+    }))
+
+    this.router.get('/:category', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const limit = this._parseLimit(request.query.limit)
+      const data = await this._storageService.getCategoryNews(request.params.category, limit)
+      response.json({ data })
+    }))
+
+    this.router.post('/refresh', this._wrap(async (request, response) => {
+      const category = request.query.category
+      const data = category
+        ? await this._storageService.refreshCategory(String(category))
+        : await this._storageService.refreshAll()
+      response.json({ data })
+    }))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string | undefined} limitValue
+   * @returns {number}
+   */
+  _parseLimit(limitValue) {
+    const parsed = Number(limitValue)
+    return Number.isInteger(parsed) && parsed > 0 ? parsed : 0
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {(request: import('express').Request, response: import('express').Response) => Promise<void>} handler
+   * @returns {(request: import('express').Request, response: import('express').Response, next: import('express').NextFunction) => void}
+   */
+  _wrap(handler) {
+    return (request, response, next) => {
+      handler(request, response).catch(next)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsController
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/core/AbstractJsonRepository.js b/src/core/AbstractJsonRepository.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad9a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/AbstractJsonRepository.js
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+const fs = require('fs/promises')
+const path = require('path')
+
+/**
+ * AbstractJsonRepository
+ *
+ * Defines the storage contract for JSON-backed repositories.
+ */
+class AbstractJsonRepository {
+  constructor(dataDirectory) {
+    if (new.target === AbstractJsonRepository) {
+      throw new Error('AbstractJsonRepository cannot be instantiated directly')
+    }
+    this._dataDirectory = dataDirectory
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async ensureDirectory() {
+    await fs.mkdir(this._dataDirectory, { recursive: true })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} fileName
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  resolvePath(fileName) {
+    return path.join(this._dataDirectory, fileName)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} fileName
+   * @param {object} payload
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async writeJson(fileName, payload) {
+    await this.ensureDirectory()
+    await fs.writeFile(this.resolvePath(fileName), JSON.stringify(payload, null, 2), 'utf8')
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} fileName
+   * @param {object} fallback
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async readJson(fileName, fallback) {
+    await this.ensureDirectory()
+    try {
+      const fileContent = await fs.readFile(this.resolvePath(fileName), 'utf8')
+      return JSON.parse(fileContent)
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.code === 'ENOENT') {
+        return fallback
+      }
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  AbstractJsonRepository
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6308dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+const { ServiceConfig } = require('./config/ServiceConfig')
+const { loadEnvironmentFiles } = require('./config/loadEnvironmentFiles')
+const { NewsApplication } = require('./app/NewsApplication')
+
+/**
+ * Bootstrap
+ *
+ * Starts the news microservice and wires process lifecycle handlers.
+ */
+class Bootstrap {
+  constructor() {
+    loadEnvironmentFiles()
+    const serviceConfig = new ServiceConfig()
+    this._application = new NewsApplication(serviceConfig.toRuntimeConfig())
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async run() {
+    await this._application.start()
+    this._registerShutdownHooks()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _registerShutdownHooks() {
+    const shutdown = async () => {
+      await this._application.stop()
+      process.exit(0)
+    }
+    process.on('SIGINT', shutdown)
+    process.on('SIGTERM', shutdown)
+  }
+}
+
+new Bootstrap().run().catch((error) => {
+  console.error(error)
+  process.exit(1)
+})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/repositories/CategoryNewsRepository.js b/src/repositories/CategoryNewsRepository.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a3b286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/repositories/CategoryNewsRepository.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+const { AbstractJsonRepository } = require('../core/AbstractJsonRepository')
+
+/**
+ * CategoryNewsRepository
+ *
+ * Stores and retrieves articles for each category in a dedicated JSON file.
+ */
+class CategoryNewsRepository extends AbstractJsonRepository {
+  constructor(dataDirectory) {
+    super(dataDirectory)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {import('../config/CategoryCatalog').NewsCategory} category
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async readCategory(category) {
+    return this.readJson(category.fileName, this._createEmptyDocument(category))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {import('../config/CategoryCatalog').NewsCategory} category
+   * @param {object[]} articles
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async saveCategory(category, articles) {
+    const document = {
+      category: category.key,
+      query: category.query,
+      label: category.label,
+      updatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      total: articles.length,
+      articles
+    }
+    await this.writeJson(category.fileName, document)
+    return document
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {import('../config/CategoryCatalog').NewsCategory} category
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+  _createEmptyDocument(category) {
+    return {
+      category: category.key,
+      query: category.query,
+      label: category.label,
+      updatedAt: null,
+      total: 0,
+      articles: []
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  CategoryNewsRepository
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/services/ConsoleLogger.js b/src/services/ConsoleLogger.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddb18c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/ConsoleLogger.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * AbstractLogger
+ *
+ * Defines the shared logging interface for concrete loggers.
+ */
+class AbstractLogger {
+  info() {
+    throw new Error('info must be implemented by subclasses')
+  }
+
+  error() {
+    throw new Error('error must be implemented by subclasses')
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * ConsoleLogger
+ *
+ * Writes structured logs to stdout and stderr.
+ */
+class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} message
+   * @param {object} [context]
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  info(message, context = {}) {
+    console.log(JSON.stringify({ level: 'info', message, context, timestamp: new Date().toISOString() }))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} message
+   * @param {Error | object} [error]
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  error(message, error = {}) {
+    console.error(JSON.stringify({ level: 'error', message, error: this._normalizeError(error), timestamp: new Date().toISOString() }))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {Error | object} error
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+  _normalizeError(error) {
+    if (error instanceof Error) {
+      return {
+        name: error.name,
+        message: error.message,
+        stack: error.stack
+      }
+    }
+    return error
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  AbstractLogger,
+  ConsoleLogger
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/services/NewsApiClient.js b/src/services/NewsApiClient.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..230860c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/NewsApiClient.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * NewsApiClient
+ *
+ * Wraps outbound requests to NewsAPI.
+ */
+class NewsApiClient {
+  constructor(apiBaseUrl, apiKey, language, pageSize) {
+    this._apiBaseUrl = apiBaseUrl
+    this._apiKey = apiKey
+    this._language = language
+    this._pageSize = pageSize
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {import('../config/CategoryCatalog').NewsCategory} category
+   * @returns {Promise<object[]>}
+   */
+  async fetchArticlesByCategory(category) {
+    if (!this._apiKey) {
+      throw new Error('NEWS_API_KEY is required')
+    }
+
+    const url = new URL(this._apiBaseUrl)
+    url.searchParams.set('q', category.query)
+    url.searchParams.set('language', this._language)
+    url.searchParams.set('pageSize', String(this._pageSize))
+    url.searchParams.set('page', '1')
+    url.searchParams.set('sortBy', 'publishedAt')
+
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      headers: {
+        'X-Api-Key': this._apiKey
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const failure = await response.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      throw new Error(failure.message || `NewsAPI request failed with status ${response.status}`)
+    }
+
+    const payload = await response.json()
+    if (payload.status !== 'ok') {
+      throw new Error(payload.message || 'NewsAPI returned a non-ok payload')
+    }
+
+    return (payload.articles || []).map((article) => this._normalizeArticle(article))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} article
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+  _normalizeArticle(article) {
+    return {
+      source: article.source || null,
+      author: article.author || null,
+      title: article.title || '',
+      description: article.description || '',
+      url: article.url || '',
+      urlToImage: article.urlToImage || '',
+      publishedAt: article.publishedAt || null,
+      content: article.content || ''
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsApiClient
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/services/NewsRefreshScheduler.js b/src/services/NewsRefreshScheduler.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13543c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/NewsRefreshScheduler.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+const cron = require('node-cron')
+
+/**
+ * NewsRefreshScheduler
+ *
+ * Owns startup refresh and hourly refresh scheduling.
+ */
+class NewsRefreshScheduler {
+  constructor(storageService, cronExpression, logger) {
+    this._storageService = storageService
+    this._cronExpression = cronExpression
+    this._logger = logger
+    this._task = null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async start() {
+    await this._runRefresh('startup')
+    this._task = cron.schedule(this._cronExpression, async () => {
+      await this._runRefresh('scheduled')
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  stop() {
+    if (this._task) {
+      this._task.stop()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} trigger
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async _runRefresh(trigger) {
+    try {
+      const results = await this._storageService.refreshAll()
+      this._logger.info(`News refresh completed via ${trigger}`, { categories: results.length })
+    } catch (error) {
+      this._logger.error(`News refresh failed via ${trigger}`, error)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsRefreshScheduler
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/services/NewsStorageService.js b/src/services/NewsStorageService.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6174ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/NewsStorageService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+ * NewsStorageService
+ *
+ * Coordinates category validation, refresh logic, and repository access.
+ */
+class NewsStorageService {
+  constructor(categoryCatalog, repository, apiClient) {
+    this._categoryCatalog = categoryCatalog
+    this._repository = repository
+    this._apiClient = apiClient
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<object[]>}
+   */
+  async refreshAll() {
+    const results = []
+    for (const category of this._categoryCatalog.all()) {
+      results.push(await this.refreshCategory(category.key))
+    }
+    return results
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} categoryKey
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async refreshCategory(categoryKey) {
+    const category = this._resolveCategory(categoryKey)
+    const articles = await this._apiClient.fetchArticlesByCategory(category)
+    return this._repository.saveCategory(category, articles)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} categoryKey
+   * @param {number} limit
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async getCategoryNews(categoryKey, limit) {
+    const category = this._resolveCategory(categoryKey)
+    const document = await this._repository.readCategory(category)
+    return this._applyLimit(document, limit)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} categoryKey
+   * @param {number} page
+   * @param {number} pageSize
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   */
+  async getCategoryNewsPage(categoryKey, page, pageSize) {
+    const category = this._resolveCategory(categoryKey)
+    const document = await this._repository.readCategory(category)
+    const safePage = Number.isInteger(page) && page > 0 ? page : 1
+    const safePageSize = Number.isInteger(pageSize) && pageSize > 0 ? pageSize : document.articles.length
+    const start = (safePage - 1) * safePageSize
+    const end = start + safePageSize
+
+    return {
+      ...document,
+      total: document.total,
+      page: safePage,
+      pageSize: safePageSize,
+      articles: document.articles.slice(start, end)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} limit
+   * @returns {Promise<object[]>}
+   */
+  async getAllNews(limit) {
+    const results = []
+    for (const category of this._categoryCatalog.all()) {
+      const document = await this._repository.readCategory(category)
+      results.push(this._applyLimit(document, limit))
+    }
+    return results
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {object[]}
+   */
+  getCategories() {
+    return this._categoryCatalog.all().map((category) => ({
+      key: category.key,
+      label: category.label,
+      query: category.query,
+      fileName: category.fileName
+    }))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} categoryKey
+   * @returns {import('../config/CategoryCatalog').NewsCategory}
+   */
+  _resolveCategory(categoryKey) {
+    const category = this._categoryCatalog.getByKey(categoryKey)
+    if (!category) {
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported category: ${categoryKey}`)
+    }
+    return category
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} document
+   * @param {number} limit
+   * @returns {object}
+   */
+  _applyLimit(document, limit) {
+    if (!limit || limit < 1) {
+      return document
+    }
+    return {
+      ...document,
+      total: Math.min(document.total, limit),
+      articles: document.articles.slice(0, limit)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  NewsStorageService
+}
\ No newline at end of file