fix: update Linux bootable to Ubuntu 24.04.4, add format-persistence.sh, rewrite guide

- Update all 24.04.2 references to 24.04.4 (ISO name, URLs, SHA256, docs)
- Add format-persistence.sh to bootable/linux-setup/ (from working E: drive)
- Rewrite website guide.html Linux tutorial: Linux Mint + Rufus → Ventoy + Ubuntu

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
hfshfg
2026-03-16 20:08:14 +08:00
parent 5813e384af
commit 953d87f59d
7 changed files with 68 additions and 75 deletions

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@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ Write-Host "============================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "" Write-Host ""
# ── Config ── # ── Config ──
$ISOName = "ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso" $ISOName = "ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso"
$SHA256Expected = "d6dab0c3a657988501b4bd76f1297c053df710e06e0c3aece60dead24f270b4d" $SHA256Expected = "3a4c9877b483ab46d7c3fbe165a0db275e1ae3cfe56a5657e5a47c2f99a99d1e"
$CacheDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot ".download-cache" $CacheDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot ".download-cache"
$ISOPath = Join-Path $CacheDir $ISOName $ISOPath = Join-Path $CacheDir $ISOName
# Mirror list (China mirrors first) # Mirror list (China mirrors first)
$Mirrors = @( $Mirrors = @(
"https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04.2/$ISOName", "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04.4/$ISOName",
"https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04.2/$ISOName", "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04.4/$ISOName",
"https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04.2/$ISOName", "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04.4/$ISOName",
"https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04.2/$ISOName" "https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04.4/$ISOName"
) )
# ── Create cache directory ── # ── Create cache directory ──
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ if (Test-Path $ISOPath) {
} }
# ── Download ISO ── # ── Download ISO ──
Write-Host "[INFO] Downloading Ubuntu 24.04.2 Desktop (~5.8 GB)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "[INFO] Downloading Ubuntu 24.04.4 Desktop (~5.8 GB)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host " This will take a while depending on your connection." -ForegroundColor Gray Write-Host " This will take a while depending on your connection." -ForegroundColor Gray
Write-Host "" Write-Host ""
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ foreach ($mirror in $Mirrors) {
if (-not $downloaded) { if (-not $downloaded) {
Write-Host "" Write-Host ""
Write-Host "[ERROR] All download mirrors failed." -ForegroundColor Red Write-Host "[ERROR] All download mirrors failed." -ForegroundColor Red
Write-Host " Please download Ubuntu 24.04.2 Desktop ISO manually:" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host " Please download Ubuntu 24.04.4 Desktop ISO manually:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host " https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04.2/" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host " https://releases.ubuntu.com/24.04.4/" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host " Save it as: $ISOPath" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host " Save it as: $ISOPath" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Read-Host "Press Enter to exit" Read-Host "Press Enter to exit"
exit 1 exit 1

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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Write-Host ""
# ── Config ── # ── Config ──
$CacheDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot ".download-cache" $CacheDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot ".download-cache"
$ISOName = "ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso" $ISOName = "ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso"
$ISOPath = Join-Path $CacheDir $ISOName $ISOPath = Join-Path $CacheDir $ISOName
$PersistencePath = Join-Path $CacheDir "persistence.dat" $PersistencePath = Join-Path $CacheDir "persistence.dat"
$VentoyConfigDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "ventoy" $VentoyConfigDir = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "ventoy"

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@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
│ - 开源引导管理器 v1.0.99 │ │ - 开源引导管理器 v1.0.99 │
│ │ │ │
│ Ventoy 数据分区(可见) │ │ Ventoy 数据分区(可见) │
│ ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso 5.8GB │ │ ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso 5.8GB │
│ persistence.dat 20GB │ │ persistence.dat 20GB │
│ ventoy/ventoy.json 配置 │ │ ventoy/ventoy.json 配置 │
│ u-claw-linux/ 脚本 │ │ u-claw-linux/ 脚本 │
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ cd path\to\u-claw\bootable
### Step 2: 下载 Ubuntu ISO (`2-download-iso.ps1`) ### Step 2: 下载 Ubuntu ISO (`2-download-iso.ps1`)
- 从国内镜像下载 Ubuntu 24.04.2 桌面版(~5.8GB - 从国内镜像下载 Ubuntu 24.04.4 桌面版(~5.8GB
- 镜像优先级:清华 → 阿里 → 中科大 → 官方 - 镜像优先级:清华 → 阿里 → 中科大 → 官方
- SHA256 校验确保文件完整 - SHA256 校验确保文件完整
- 有缓存,不会重复下载 - 有缓存,不会重复下载
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ sudo bash /media/*/Ventoy/u-claw-linux/setup-openclaw.sh
{ {
"persistence": [ "persistence": [
{ {
"image": "/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso", "image": "/ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso",
"backend": "/persistence.dat", "backend": "/persistence.dat",
"autosel": 1 "autosel": 1
} }
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ bootable/
├── 3-create-persistence.ps1 Step 3: 持久化镜像 ├── 3-create-persistence.ps1 Step 3: 持久化镜像
├── 4-copy-to-usb.ps1 Step 4: 拷贝到 U 盘 ├── 4-copy-to-usb.ps1 Step 4: 拷贝到 U 盘
├── linux-setup/ ├── linux-setup/
│ ├── format-persistence.sh 格式化持久化镜像
│ ├── setup-openclaw.sh 一键安装 OpenClaw │ ├── setup-openclaw.sh 一键安装 OpenClaw
│ ├── start-openclaw.sh 启动脚本 │ ├── start-openclaw.sh 启动脚本
│ └── openclaw.desktop 桌面快捷方式 │ └── openclaw.desktop 桌面快捷方式

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@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
1. 脚本会自动尝试多个国内镜像(清华、阿里、中科大) 1. 脚本会自动尝试多个国内镜像(清华、阿里、中科大)
2. 如果全部失败,可以手动下载: 2. 如果全部失败,可以手动下载:
- 访问 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ - 访问 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/
- 下载 `ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso` - 下载 `ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso`
- 放到 `bootable/.download-cache/` 目录 - 放到 `bootable/.download-cache/` 目录
3. 重新运行 `2-download-iso.ps1` 3. 重新运行 `2-download-iso.ps1`

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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# One-click create and format persistence.dat for Ventoy
set -euo pipefail
VENTOY_DIR=$(dirname "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")")
PERSIST="$VENTOY_DIR/persistence.dat"
SIZE_GB=20
echo "Creating ${SIZE_GB}GB persistence image..."
dd if=/dev/zero of="$PERSIST" bs=1M count=0 seek=$((SIZE_GB * 1024))
mkfs.ext4 -F -L casper-rw "$PERSIST"
echo "Done! Reboot for persistence to take effect."

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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{ {
"persistence": [ "persistence": [
{ {
"image": "/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso", "image": "/ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso",
"backend": "/persistence.dat", "backend": "/persistence.dat",
"autosel": 1 "autosel": 1
} }

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@@ -1092,34 +1092,32 @@ openclaw plugin uninstall &lt;插件名&gt;</code></pre>
<h2>准备材料</h2> <h2>准备材料</h2>
<table> <table>
<tr><th>材料</th><th>要求</th><th>说明</th></tr> <tr><th>材料</th><th>要求</th><th>说明</th></tr>
<tr><td>U 盘</td><td><strong>64GB+ USB 3.0</strong></td><td>最低 32GB推荐 64GB USB 3.0+USB 2.0 太慢不推荐)</td></tr> <tr><td>U 盘</td><td><strong>32GB+ USB 3.0</strong></td><td>推荐 64GB USB 3.0+USB 2.0 太慢不推荐)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Linux Mint ISO</td><td>Cinnamon</td><td>下载: <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/linuxmint-cd/stable/" target="_blank">清华镜像</a><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/linuxmint-cd/stable/" target="_blank">中科大镜像</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Ubuntu 24.04.4 ISO</td><td>Desktop</td><td>下载: <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04.4/" target="_blank">清华镜像</a><a href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04.4/" target="_blank">阿里镜像</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Rufus</td><td>v4.0+</td><td>下载: <a href="https://rufus.ie/zh/" target="_blank">rufus.ie</a>(仅 Windows 制作启动盘用</td></tr> <tr><td>Ventoy</td><td>v1.0.99</td><td>下载: <a href="https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy/releases" target="_blank">GitHub Releases</a>(开源引导管理器</td></tr>
</table> </table>
<div class="tip"><strong>为什么选 Linux Mint</strong>界面最接近 Windows中文支持好硬件兼容性强适合新手</div> <div class="tip"><strong>为什么选 Ventoy + Ubuntu</strong>Ventoy 支持 ISO 直接启动,更新系统只需替换 ISO 文件Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 驱动兼容性最好,社区最大</div>
<h2>制作启动盘步骤</h2> <h2>制作启动盘步骤</h2>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">1</div><div class="step-content"><strong>打开 Rufus</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">1</div><div class="step-content"><strong>用 Ventoy 写入 U 盘</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">插入 U 盘,打开 Rufus,选择你的 U 盘设备</p> <p style="color:var(--dim)">打开 Ventoy2Disk.exe,选择 U 盘,点 Install。<strong>注意:会格式化 U 盘,数据全丢!</strong></p>
</div></div> </div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">2</div><div class="step-content"><strong>选择 ISO 镜像</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">2</div><div class="step-content"><strong>拷贝文件到 U 盘</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">点击"选择",找到下载的 Linux Mint ISO 文件</p> <p style="color:var(--dim)">将以下文件拷贝到 Ventoy 数据分区U 盘可见分区)根目录:</p>
</div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">3</div><div class="step-content"><strong>关键设置</strong>
<table> <table>
<tr><th>选项</th><th>设置</th></tr> <tr><th>文件</th><th>说明</th></tr>
<tr><td>分区类型</td><td><strong>GPT</strong>(新电脑)或 MBR老电脑</td></tr> <tr><td><code>ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso</code></td><td>Ubuntu 系统镜像(~5.8GB</td></tr>
<tr><td>目标系统</td><td><strong>UEFI</strong>(新电脑)或 BIOS老电脑</td></tr> <tr><td><code>persistence.dat</code></td><td>持久化存储镜像20GB需 ext4 格式化</td></tr>
<tr><td>Persistent Partition Size</td><td><strong>8-16 GB</strong>(重要!这是持久化存储空间</td></tr> <tr><td><code>ventoy/ventoy.json</code></td><td>Ventoy 配置(自动加载持久化</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>u-claw-linux/</code></td><td>安装脚本目录</td></tr>
</table> </table>
<div class="warn"><strong>Persistent Storage 必须开启!</strong>否则重启后所有安装和配置都会丢失。Rufus 4.0+ 支持此功能</div> <div class="tip"><strong>自动化制作:</strong>也可以在 Windows PowerShell 中运行 <code>bootable/</code> 目录下的 4 个脚本,自动完成下载和拷贝</div>
</div></div> </div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">4</div><div class="step-content"><strong>开始制作</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">3</div><div class="step-content"><strong>启动测试</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">点击"开始",等待完成(约 5-10 分钟)</p> <p style="color:var(--dim)">插入 U 盘,重启电脑,按启动键选择 USB → Ventoy 菜单出现 → 选择 Ubuntu → 进入桌面</p>
</div></div> </div></div>
<h2>BIOS/UEFI 设置 USB 启动</h2> <h2>BIOS/UEFI 设置 USB 启动</h2>
@@ -1147,52 +1145,36 @@ openclaw plugin uninstall &lt;插件名&gt;</code></pre>
<div class="warn"><strong>Secure Boot 问题:</strong>如果无法从 USB 启动,进入 BIOS 设置关闭 Secure Boot。路径通常是 Security → Secure Boot → Disabled。</div> <div class="warn"><strong>Secure Boot 问题:</strong>如果无法从 USB 启动,进入 BIOS 设置关闭 Secure Boot。路径通常是 Security → Secure Boot → Disabled。</div>
<h2>首次启动 Linux Mint</h2> <h2>首次启动 Ubuntu</h2>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">1</div><div class="step-content"><strong>选择 "Start Linux Mint"</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">1</div><div class="step-content"><strong>Ventoy 菜单选择 Ubuntu</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">启动菜单选择第一项,等待进入桌面(约 1-2 分钟)</p> <p style="color:var(--dim)">从 USB 启动后进入 Ventoy 菜单选择 Ubuntu ISO,等待进入桌面(约 1-3 分钟)</p>
</div></div> </div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">2</div><div class="step-content"><strong>连接网络</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">2</div><div class="step-content"><strong>格式化持久化镜像(仅首次)</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">点击右下角网络图标,连接 WiFi 或插入网线</p> <p style="color:var(--dim)">如果持久化镜像尚未格式化Windows 无 WSL 的情况),打开终端运行:</p>
</div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">3</div><div class="step-content"><strong>设置中文(可选)</strong>
<pre><code># 打开终端 (Ctrl+Alt+T) <pre><code># 打开终端 (Ctrl+Alt+T)
sudo apt update sudo bash /media/*/Ventoy/u-claw-linux/format-persistence.sh</code></pre>
sudo apt install -y language-pack-zh-hans fonts-wqy-microhei</code></pre> <p style="color:var(--dim)">格式化完成后<strong>必须重启</strong>,持久化才能生效</p>
</div></div> </div></div>
<h2>安装 OpenClaw</h2> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">3</div><div class="step-content"><strong>连接网络 + 安装 OpenClaw</strong>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">连接 WiFi然后运行安装脚本</p>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">1</div><div class="step-content"><strong>下载安装脚本</strong> <pre><code>sudo bash /media/*/Ventoy/u-claw-linux/setup-openclaw.sh</code></pre>
<pre><code># 打开终端 (Ctrl+Alt+T) <p style="color:var(--dim)">脚本自动下载 Node.js + OpenClaw + QQ 插件,全部使用国内镜像,约 1-2 分钟</p>
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dongsheng123132/u-claw/main/portable/setup-linux-usb.sh
bash setup-linux-usb.sh</code></pre>
<p style="color:var(--dim)">脚本自动下载 Node.js + OpenClaw + QQ 插件,全部使用国内镜像</p>
</div></div> </div></div>
<div class="step"><div class="step-num">2</div><div class="step-content"><strong>或手动安装</strong> <div class="step"><div class="step-num">4</div><div class="step-content"><strong>启动 AI 助手</strong>
<pre><code># 1. 安装 Node.js <p style="color:var(--dim)">桌面出现 <strong>"U-Claw AI Assistant"</strong> 图标,双击即可使用</p>
curl -# -L https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/v22.14.0/node-v22.14.0-linux-x64.tar.gz -o /tmp/node.tar.gz
mkdir -p ~/node && tar -xzf /tmp/node.tar.gz -C ~/node --strip-components=1
export PATH="$HOME/node/bin:$PATH"
# 2. 安装 OpenClaw
mkdir -p ~/openclaw && cd ~/openclaw
npm init -y
npm install openclaw@latest --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
# 3. 启动
node node_modules/openclaw/openclaw.mjs gateway run --port 18789</code></pre>
</div></div> </div></div>
<h2>日常使用</h2> <h2>日常使用</h2>
<ul> <ul>
<li>开机选 USB 启动 → 自动进入 Linux Mint 桌面</li> <li>插入 U 盘 → 开机选 USB 启动 → Ventoy 菜单选 Ubuntu → 自动进入桌面</li>
<li>双击桌面的 <strong>U-Claw AI 助手</strong> 图标启动</li> <li>双击桌面的 <strong>U-Claw AI Assistant</strong> 图标启动</li>
<li>浏览器自动打开控制台,开始使用</li> <li>浏览器自动打开控制台,开始使用</li>
<li>关机前正常关闭 Linux不要直接拔 U 盘)</li> <li>所有数据保存在持久化镜像中,重启不丢</li>
<li>关机前正常关闭 Ubuntu不要直接拔 U 盘)</li>
</ul> </ul>
<h2>常见问题</h2> <h2>常见问题</h2>
@@ -1200,23 +1182,23 @@ node node_modules/openclaw/openclaw.mjs gateway run --port 18789</code></pre>
<h3>USB 启动不了</h3> <h3>USB 启动不了</h3>
<ul> <ul>
<li>检查 BIOS 启动顺序,确保 USB 排在硬盘前面</li> <li>检查 BIOS 启动顺序,确保 USB 排在硬盘前面</li>
<li>关闭 Secure Boot</li> <li>关闭 Secure BootBIOS → Security → Secure Boot → Disabled</li>
<li>GPT/MBR 选择要匹配电脑的 UEFI/Legacy 模式</li> <li>换一个 USB 口试试(优先 USB 3.0 蓝色口)</li>
<li>换一个 USB 口试试(优先 USB 3.0 口)</li> <li>Legacy/CSM 和 UEFI 模式都试试</li>
</ul> </ul>
<h3>持久化不生效(重启后配置丢失)</h3> <h3>持久化不生效(重启后配置丢失)</h3>
<ul> <ul>
<li>确认 Rufus 制作时设置了 Persistent Partition Size8-16 GB</li> <li>确认 persistence.dat 已格式化为 ext4运行 <code>format-persistence.sh</code></li>
<li>Rufus 版本需要 4.0 以上才支持持久化</li> <li>确认 ventoy/ventoy.json 配置正确image 路径与 ISO 文件名匹配)</li>
<li>部分电脑 UEFI 模式下持久化可能有问题,尝试用 MBR + BIOS 模式</li> <li>格式化后必须重启才能生效</li>
</ul> </ul>
<h3>运行很慢</h3> <h3>运行很慢</h3>
<ul> <ul>
<li>使用 USB 3.0 或更快的 U 盘</li> <li>使用 USB 3.0 或更快的 U 盘 + USB 3.0 接口</li>
<li>避免使用太便宜的 U 盘(随机读写速度太低)</li> <li>首次加载约 1-3 分钟属正常</li>
<li>推荐品牌:三星 BAR Plus、闪迪 CZ880</li> <li>推荐品牌:三星 BAR Plus、闪迪 CZ880、金士顿</li>
</ul> </ul>
</div> </div>